Effects of poverty - 1534 Words

The Effects Of Poverty , WRIT 300 October 15, 2012 Poverty is an enigma that seems to plague each corner of the United States. No matter how rich how stabilize or how strong our country may claim it is poverty lurks in shadow of all places on this earth and in it’s silhouette the opprobrious effects. The three scholarly articles I summarized connect the dots on how poverty impacts the United States economically; and socially. The first articles I summarized Haiyun Zhao, Zhilan Feng, Carlos Castillo-havez, (2008) conducted an study that examines the effects that poverty has on our society economically, and the effects it has on children growing up in poor areas. Zhao, Feng, Havez, (2008) starts out by shedding light on†¦show more content†¦For this reason, they combine this finding with the others such as foregone earnings, crime, and health which concluded that people living in poverty cost America an astonishing 38 percent of the GDP. Zhao, Feng, Havez, (2008) ends their research by stating that the estimations of po verties effects and cost are understated and most likely are more severe and costly. This article brought up important points and backed them up with facts; however I do think they could have done a better job on breaking down the cost structure, for the 700 billion figure given. The work done by Zhao, Feng, Havez (2008) detailed some of the effects of poverty. However, there should have been more emphasis on the social impacts of poverty. This is where Mulia and Zemore (2012) excel at. Mulia and Zemore (2012) reviewed and discussed social adversity; drugs and how it impacts people living in poor areas. Mulia and Zemore (2012) talks about how people living in low income areas are affected by more situations, oppose to others in high income areas. In particular, Mulia and Zemore (2012) lean towards the theory of social strain, which points to poverty being the reason for drug abuse among other crimes. Comparing Mulia and Zemore (2012) work to Zhao, Feng, Havez, (2008) the article pic ks up the improves where the previous lacked at by providing a theory that supports their study, of overall affectsShow MoreRelatedPoverty And Its Effects On Poverty1554 Words   |  7 Pages Poverty is a remarkably persistent problematic social challenge within the United States that has far-reaching implications. The magnitude and perplexity of poverty and its instigates are a massive predicament of both ethical and economic concern that has many proportions, which demands the country’s immediate attention. Poverty is an idiom that is generally used to describe a condition or state in which a person or society lacks the monetary resources and necessities to enjoy a minimum basic qualityRead MorePoverty And Its Effect On Poverty1551 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty is an inarguable inevitability that varies in definition and severity from country to country. Poverty can be caused by many factors- economic instability, lack of education, a natural disaster, or overpopulation. These factors become a normal situation and then a culture of poverty forms and is passed down from generation to generation making it nearly impossible for the cycle to end. A culture of poverty is especially evident in India. It is estimated that twenty one percent of the IndianRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Poverty Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesPoverty cannot be defined as being affected by a few set examples, rather it is the result of an infinite number of factors. Human behavior, which is highly unpredictab le, dictates what a person’s economic status will be. â€Å"Although the causes of poverty are varied, Americans strongly endorse individual responsibility as a primary cause† (Mistry et al. 704). However, it is not always their own decisions that will predict their outcome. Opportunity remains just as large of a decider as does dedicationRead MorePoverty : The Cause And Effects Of Poverty1326 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is â€Å"the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; condition of being poor† (Dictionary.com, 2017). Based off this definition poverty is a condition that can cause a cascade of cause and effect actions that is detrimental to families and individuals both physically and mentally. Haan, Kaplan, Camacho (2017) completed a study on the correlation between social and economic status and health in adults in Oakland, CA. They found that the lower the socioeconomicRead MorePoverty And The Effects Of Poverty18 04 Words   |  8 Pageslivelihood of those supressed by poverty. By definition, such poverty is detrimental to human rights outlined in the Catholic Social Teachings (CSTs), and consequently, the Church has sought immediate aid for these people. Due to the cyclical nature of poverty, actions of justice are also being encouraged to sustain its reversal. Ideologies of benefactor supremacy aim to be inhibited through humility and the implementation of citizen-led strategies to eradicate poverty. However, the human nature presentsRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Poverty1826 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Each day, 963 million people go hungry† (Finley). People from all aspects of life are affected by poverty. The richest and the poorest countries have all stared the beast of poverty directly in the face. The poor are not only deprived of things like food, water, housing, and education that make up the typical guidelines of life, but they are deprived of luxuries. As we see the world around us evolve in it’s ways of architecture, transportation, and fashion, we also see that the poor are not welcomeRead MoreEffect Of Poverty On The Poverty Of India1948 Words   |  8 Pageswould astound both themselves and the world. The effects of poverty can be felt at every level of society — from the individual living in the poverty stricken environment to the political leader attempting to provide specific solutions. According to statistics, India has seen significant falls in poverty since the 1980s, rates that accelerated into the 1990s. This has been strongly related to India’s impressive growth record over this period. Poverty reduction in India has been tried before and hasRead MoreGlobal Poverty And Its Effects On Poverty Essay2151 Words   |  9 Pagesreduce and more effectively measure poverty has been Mayor Michael Bloomberg’s Center for Economic Opportunity (CEO) in New York City. This paper will explain how CEO was and still is so successful in combatting poverty and will argue that its tactics should be implemented in cities across the nation. Poverty is one of the most important issues that the modern world has attempted to confront. For the most part it has been a huge success. Extreme global poverty has been cut in half in the past 20Read MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1553 Words   |  7 PagesHow Poverty Effects Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educationalRead MoreThe Effects Of Poverty On Families, And The Causes Of Poverty Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pagesnational measurable line of poverty. Causes of poverty stem from a wide range of factors including, geographical location, education levels, and generational poverty. The effects of poverty can be detrimental to an individual’s psychological and physical health. In the following paper, we will examine the prevalence, impact, and causes related to families that live in poverty. â€Æ' The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of poverty in families, the effect poverty has on families, and the

Economical Factor Free Essays

The reason for this is because chicken and park are a healthier option and they are low in fat products. Many large supermarket brand their own company names on different produces which have similar nutritional values. Access to shops is another economical factor, foods will be easy to consume it all depends on the way which the person is able to access shops. We will write a custom essay sample on Economical Factor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many supermarkets provide the best value for money due to the competitive prices. Most of the supermarkets can be accessed by traveling in public transport. Also there are other ways which people can shop for example internet shopping has helped widely for many people to access foods but not many have the access to internet. Food supply is available to us in markets and some of the produces travel around the world in order to reach the supermarkets. This suggests that most fruit and vegetables are available for us any time of the year which has helped in developing menus. Due to this it has been a large affect on the foods which are being supplied for example food products like fish are easier to be supplied and bought by people. Socio-cultural issues : Diet can be influenced hugely by family. Our eating habits can be guided by our careers and they are the ones hen we are younger make choices such as what we should eat and what we should not eat. We can learn about various things such as healthy eating,religious rules or indirectly through the foods which we consume. Some people due to their religion they may fast or they might have beliefs that they are not allowed to eat certain animals because they believe that these animals are unclean, because children are bought up like this they are socialized into the values of their culture. Also eating meals together as a family could be important in some cultures. ISO some religions have religious occasions involve food as a ritual. Education- The amount of money which is sent on education population about healthy eating and food hygiene and things which influence the foods we eat are high. Public health is important. Environmental health is viewed by the could they make sure that they are monitoring anyone who is preparing food for the public to consume and they also ensure that the food is prepared in a hygienic way which the customers are able to buy it-elf there is unsafe food hygiene is identified then there will be notice which will be issued and the organization can be temporarily IR permanently closed down-The inspections are carried out with and with out the organization knowing . Also they are awarded with stars which are between O and 5 stars. Health Education has been promoted and campaigns has gone to show improvement in public awareness of healthy eating. For example the Five-a- day campaign began in 2003, this was when a huge amount of money was awarded by the big lottery in order to improve the consumption of fruits and vegetables in primary care trusts. There are many other campaigns such as Change 4 Life. Food hygiene is another important factor which will benefit health. Even if the product is fresh or high in quality if the food hygiene is not good then the product would cause effects such as people getting ill or even killing them. Food labels are on many food products they allow the buyer to make choices about what food they are eating. If someone is choosing a healthier option then they will be able to read the label and see if there are high and low of certain nutrients which they might need. Many foods are found in the supermarket they are often marketed as they has health benefits. There are certain rules which are the manufactures cannot call foods as they are reduced calorie, the food has to be in the standard version in Order to be called as lower in calorie-However there are no legal definitions for the term low-fat, but produces cannot call foods which are high in fat as low in fat. Also if a food label has a ingredient displayed on the ingredient section then they must have it. There will be different roles for different health professionals. Dieticians has to work with patients who will need special diet and they try to make sure that the individual to eat certain foods within restriction due to their medical condition while they are trying to maintain a healthy balanced diet. Public health nutritionists does not work with individuals but they advise the government about healthy eating. Their advice can form the basis of public campaigns-Doctors are the in a ideal position which they are able to discuss paints diets during consultations-Many of the times people might go to the doctors more often-elf money is not in the correct weight and also if they are developing health issues such as high blood pressure. So therefore the doctor can advise to avoid certain foods such as saturated fat or high-salt foods. The doctor can also be referred to dietician if it is necessary. Nurses can also understand both healthy diets and also special diets. They also can suggest what foods to eat and what to avoid for a range of medical conditions-Also nurses also help with tube feeding and they can ensure that those who unable to eat independently receive correct amount of food and drink. Careers who work in both residential and community settings should be able to understand a healthy eating and special dietary requirements. Due to the lack of knowledge some cares have poor understanding in how to improve their ability to advise individuals on good diet. Sports nutritionist will work mainly with athlete to help them with their diet and to maximize their strength and fitness to make them to perform at their best ability. Also the nutritionist can prepare a diet plan that will have various nutrients and training which they will need to participate. Health and fitness instructors work at gyms and leisure centers and they also include personal training to maintain people’s fitness levels but they are not athletes. They also have a good understanding of different diets and healthy eating as this is a part of their training. Social Policy – There are different ways which their are improvements to the diets of the population through social policy. There are different approaches to health education, and it also involves creating a lot of opportunities which will help people to choose healthy options for their diet. For example there were policies such as Nutritional Standards for School Lunches were agreed by the school Meals Review Panel and implemented in 2006. The standards require that: High- Quality meat,poultry or oily fish are regularly available , at least two portions of fruit and vegetables should be available with every meal, bread other cereals and potatoes are regularly available , deep- fried food is limited to no more than two portions per week, fizzy and other confectioneries are removed from school meals and wending machines , children and young people must have easy access at all times to free fresh ranking water in schools. How to cite Economical Factor, Papers

White Collar Crime free essay sample

The definition of white collar and white collar crime * Various types of white collar crime B. Thesis statement: There are 3 causes of white collar and 5 way to combat with white collar crime. II. The cause of white collar crime is opportunities to commit crime. A. The loophole of the law and security B. An individual well known the operation of a company, the chances to commit fraud is higher. III. Second causes of white collar crime are workers situational personal pressures. A. Direct pressures surrounded by their environment. B. Leader gives a command to achieve impractical performance objectives at any cost. IV. Third causes of white collar crime are issues of pertaining to honesty. A. Moral principles B. Obtain a universal meaning of integrity V. First way to fight with white collar crime is tighten laws and punishment. A. Money penalty or fine B. Imprisonment 1. Explain why imprisonment is useful. VI. Second way is enforcement by government. A. Commercial Crime Investigate Department (CCID) specialized investigate white collar crime. B. The Securities Commission Working Outline VII. Third way to prevent happen white collar crime is set up a corporate program. A. Bank Negara Malaysia increases the safety of check. B. Forensic Technology Services (FTS) to decrease and avoid computer crime or e-fraud. VIII. The 4th ways is build positive moral principles in white collar criminal mind. A. High education and it gives them the authority to do something that is not right. IX. Other minor way to prevent and reduce the white collar crime. A. Maintaining accurate and complete internal accounting and financial records. Developing strong leadership and cohesive work groups C. They are supposed to monitor their business and keep in touch the relationship who involve in financial units D. They can set up a physical system to protect their assets E. Not relying solely on one person to perform an important function or critical task. F. Company make sure white collar’s job and plan are under control. G. Manager should carry on a file that contain private background and up to date economic standards of white collars X. Conclusion: This research paper had said opportunities to commit crime, workers situational personal pressures, and issues of pertaining to honesty are the three reasons to commit white collar crime. Furthermore, tighten the law and punishment, enforcement by government, set up a corporate program, build positive moral principles in white collar criminal mind, and others minor ways to prevent and reduce white collar crime are the five methods to fight with white collar crime. The Causes and Ways to Combat White Collar Crime In Malaysia Some people might do not know what â€Å"white collar† is. According to Farlex (n. d. ), definition of white collar is an expert employee who gets a designating salaried. On the other hand, another definition is related to the office or experts workers whose works usually do not include physical energy or tiring of a uniform or standardized work dress (White-collar, n. d. ). According to Sutherland (1949), â€Å"White collar crime may be defined approximately as crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his or her occupation†( as cited in Lim, n. d. ). Fraud, bribery, insider trading, embezzlement, computer crime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identify theft, and forgery are a part of type of white collar crime that most people knows. Nowadays people can read news reported about white collar crime. White collar crime will cost a lot of money in every country if government do not concern about it. Therefore, government should take action to white collar crime before the problem become more serious. Why employee will commit white collar crime? How people to combat white collar crime? Here have three causes mention and explain clearly why employee will take risk to commit white collar crime such as opportunities to commit crime, workers situational personal pressures, and issues of pertaining to honesty whereas there also have five ways to combat white collar crime such as tighten the law and punishment, enforcement by government, set up a corporate program, build positive moral principles in white collar criminal mind, and others minor ways to prevent and reduce white collar crime will give in details in the following. First of all, the cause of white collar crime is opportunities to commit crime. Hirschi and Gottfredson (1987) explained white collar crime unlike other common crime, the reason they contravention of the law is not similar with normal crime†. In addition, there are different response from official between white collar crime and normal crime (Hirschi amp; Gottfredson, 1987). It is not clear between both terms itself, however, normally both terms have a correlation with it, and actually normally crime is less serious or less unsafe or less harmful to public value or social compare with white collar crime (Sutherland, 1983; Will, 1987 as cited in Hirschi amp; Gottfredson, 1987, p. 15). As the result, the loopholes of the law will benefit to employee when they take this as an opportunities to commit white collar crime. According to Dr. Yusof Nook (1993) and Joseph Eby Ruin (1996), when a employee well known the process of a company, a certain level of trust, especially the employee become the only one who know the system, there a big opportunities to let them commit white collar crime for instance, money laundering or computer crime. Second causes of white collar crime are workers situational personal pressures. When workers situational personal happened? It occur when they having direct pressures surrounded by their environment. The highest frequency is they having high personal debts and financial losses. Apart from that, leader gives a command to achieve impractical performance objectives at any cost also consider one of the factors of situational personal pressures. These will encourage them to commit fraud to their company (Nook, 1993; Ruin 1996). Third causes of white collar crime are issues of pertaining to honesty. According to Dr Yusof Nook (1993) and Joseph Eby Ruin (1996), individual honesty factors refer to every individual’s personal rules of moral principles†( as cited in Lim, n. . ). This factor appears looks like to be clear-cut determination of a people’s integrity, but this problem in reality is more multipart than what we had thought about it. Thus, people should obtain a universal meaning of integrity and untruthful conduct, and identify which ethics to accept when developing a universal characteristic of integrity. The most significant is before internalizing a typical of integrity and being nature rewarded for integrity behavior, people requirements to be always toughened for integrity conduct (Nook, 1993; Ruin, 1996 as cited in Lim, n. . ). ). White collar crimes are become more and more serious recent times. People must concern and think how to fighting with white collar crimes before it out of control. The first and most common way to fight with white collar crime is tighten laws and punishment. According to Ball and Friedman (1997), money penalty or fine and other forms of non-criminal sanctions are classified as â€Å"civil† or regulator y sanctions†( as cited in Lim, n. d. ). Nonetheless, they also said only straightforward imprisonment is usually considered as criminal sanctions. Government who like to use imprisonment as a sanction said that the impact of white collar crimes is very serious so they need more cruel punishments to criminals. Besides that, most of the white collars criminal basically are very success in their life on morality. Thus, imprisonment is a very useful way restriction to white collar criminal. The reason they will feel shame is because they will feel shame of it when other people know they had the experience of imprisonment (Ball amp; Friedman, 1997 as cited in Lim, n. d. ). According to white collar criminal testimony, even only six month imprisonment punishment was most terrible by white collar criminal (Braithwaite, 1984; Clinard, 1952 as cited in Lim, n. d. ). On 17 September 1993, the Parliament had modified the punishments to white collar criminal in Malaysia. A mandatory least term of imprisonment (one year) with mandatory whipping, and the court have the right to plus fine to the same criminal when the white collar criminal that violate of trust below law section 406 to 409 and cheating below section 420 of the Penal Code (Lim, n. . ). Next way to reduce white collar crime is enforcement by government. In Malaysia, government had a main organization, which is Commercial Crime Investigate Department (CCID) specialized investigate white collar crime. CCID help The Royal Malaysia Police to investigate white collar crime cases. Nowadays white collar crime cases had become more complicated, it makes CCID hard to investigate. Hence, extra manpower and equipments, and Forensic Computer Laboratory (established in 1 January 2005); it helps CCID faster and easier when investigating white collar crime. The changes in enforcement makes police very successful reduce the white collar crime. What’s more, police also deletion millions of ringgit from white collar crime. As the result, enforcement successful prevents the loss of millions ringgit and reduces the white collar crime. The Securities Commission from the time 1993 year was prosecuted 110 people on corporate fraud cases such as provides deceptive information to insider trading and fraud (Lim, n. d. ). Inspector-General of Police Tan Sri Ismail Omar mention that police will cooperation with banks or trade associations to overcome cheating cases. Apart from that, he also stated police will come with a better way to reduce the white collar crime (as cited in The Star Online, 2010). DCP Mohd Shukri, who is the 18th police leader in Perak, stated that he can protect people and can reduce the white collar crime in 2011 (as cited in The Star Online, 2010). Third way to prevent happen white collar crime is set up a corporate program. Bank, financial institutions, and companies are the location that always happen white collar crime because there are a lot professionals. The probability to happen white collar crime is higher. Therefore, three of these places should take action to prevent white collar crime. Bank Negara Malaysia has given an instruction to every commercial bank to improve the safety characteristics of check to prevent white collar criminal used fake check instead of the real check. The paper is sensitive to chemical substances; normal ink pen and ultra-violet ink pen will dissolves when mix with water is the characteristics of the check. â€Å"Account Payee Only† show on the check the purpose is to prevent the third person taking out the money from the account. Using electronic payment instead of using check is a good method to reduce white collar crime. Besides that, Bank and credit cards users should always check the procedure to prevent credit card fraud (Lim, n. d. ). KPMG Malaysia has established a new department, Forensic Technology Services (FTS) to decrease and avoid computer crime or e-fraud. In the past three years, â€Å"KPMG analysts use the latest techniques, including data extraction, data storage, data mining and visualization, password cracking and de-encryption, to provide a cost-efficient resolution to data investigation† (New Straits Times, 2005 as cited in Lim, n. . ). Therefore, FTS can from an empty monitor into a picture of criminating support. In addition, way to reduce white collar crime is build positive moral principles in white collar criminal mind. People who work at managerial and administrative levels are tending to be more involved in this crime. The reason is because they have the high education and i t gives them the authority to do something that is not right. High level leaders should be the model of moral principles and honesty to overcome this trouble. An agreement of business moral values is not only to read, to sign, but also to follow by managers and employees (Lim, n. d. ). Last of all, there also have other minor way to prevent and reduce the white collar crime. The company should always double check the maintaining exact and entire interior accounting and monetary records. Therefore, white collar criminals are harder to commit fraud. On the other hand, corporation should build a strong headship and work groups. They are supposed to monitor their business and keep in touch the relationship who inv lve in financial units, for instance, debtors, creditors, vendors, and buyers. They can set up a physical system to protect their assets, which no trouble in replaceable or exchangeable standards in the market such as goods and money. There is a huge opportunities to happen white collar crime when the company is only rely on a single person to achieve an significant project or task. Therefore, company gives a task or project in a gro up will be more secure. To avoid the fraud attempts, company make sure white collar’s job and plan are under control. Moreover, manager should carry on a file that contain private background and up to date economic standards of white collars. On the top of the examination and deception detection, if white collar had broken the rules during the examination, the person who takes function in examination can identify deception. Although deception detection is not the major cause, but if view it in the long period, a suitable reaction by the society may construct an expert trustworthiness. It also helps out company to avoid risky and prevent the huge losses (Lim, n. . ). All in all, this research paper had said opportunities to commit crime, workers situational personal pressures, and issues of pertaining to honesty are the three reasons to commit white collar crime. Furthermore, tighten the law and punishment, enforcement by government, set up a corporate program, build positive moral principles in white collar criminal mind, and others minor ways to prevent and reduce white collar crime are the five me thods to fight with white collar crime. Government must pay a lot of attention in white collar crime. This is because white collar usually had the higher education compare to other person. They may use high techniques to hide when they decide to commit white collar crime. Thats why government must take action before it become more serious. Additionally, once government had given new methods to arrest and reduce white collar crime, nation also must follow instruction given by government and cooperated with government. There is no way to eliminate white collar crime if nation do not want to cooperate with government.

the primary language of the designated Essay Example

the primary language of the designated Essay The Primary Language of the Designated Name: Institution: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on the primary language of the designated specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on the primary language of the designated specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on the primary language of the designated specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Primary Language of the Designated Part A Summary of the Country and its Language Mexico borders the US on the north, the Pacific Ocean on the west and south, the Caribbean Sea on the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico on the east. It is one of the most populous countries in the world, with an estimated population of 112,975,406. About 78% of the population lives in urban areas. The main cities in the country include Mexico City, which is the capital and which has a population of more than nineteen million people, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, and Tijuana. Mexico was one of the countries colonized by Spain in the sixteenth century. The colonization by Spain had a tremendous effect in the country’s language. The main ethnic group in the country is the Mestizo, making up 60% of the population. The mestizos are Amerindian, Spanish populations. The main language spoken in the country is Spanish, which is spoken by more than 90% of the population, making it the largest country in the world where Spanish is spoken. There are other indigenous languages such as Na huati and Mayan, spoken in different parts of the country (CIA, 2012). Mexico regained her independence from Spain in the nineteenth century. By this time, Spain had a major influence in the culture and language of Mexico. Development of the Spanish language in Spain and Mexico was different, and there are some differences in both verbal and written Spanish, between the Spanish spoken in Spain and the Mexican Spanish. Mexican Spanish has influences from the indigenous languages and the US English in addition, Mexicans use some Spanish words, which are considered outdated by European Spanish. These elements influence the differences between Mexican Spanish and European Spanish. Description of Ferraro’s Model of High Context and Low Context Language The context in the area of communication matters depending on whether a particular region is high context or low context. High context languages are implicit, and many words are unspoken. Verbal messages do not make a lot of meaning in the absence of non-verbal messages, because of the importance assigned to the environment or the context when a person is speaking. People will tend to associate the words they use with different elements such as religion, culture, history, relationships, and status. There is a lot of indirect communication from people using high context languages. The language lies more towards building relationships, rather than doing business and fulfilling the immediate agenda. This is unlike the low context languages, which are explicit and nothing is hidden. The low context languages assign meaning to every word. People speaking these languages mean what they say. They will have many words to describe what they want in definite terms. Thus, a person using a low c ontext language will tend to use more words to describe an event or situation than a person using high context language will. Assessment of the Language in Terms of the Model Mexico is a high context culture and the language spoken is high culture. The people complement their verbal communication with non-verbal communication to make their meaning clear. The importance of forming relationships, even in business settings, means that people avoid using words such as ‘no’ and other negatives directly because they are considered rude. When a person is not interested in an offer, he or she tries to look for the right words to use. Moreover, Mexicans tend to avoid being direct on issues, and a direct answer is not warranted. Although the Spanish spoken in Mexico is a high context language, it tends to use more words than the English language. This is because of several reasons such as the need for the person to express himself emotionally and deeply in an attempt to create more meaning, the use of gendered language, and the fact that the language is not easy to adapt (Devlyn Moulton, 2010). Conclusion and Discussion on Factors for the Conclusion Mexican language exhibits both elements present in both high and low context languages. However, the language is more of a high context language, because the Mexicans have high context cultures. They are expressive and emotional, and they do this in a bid to form and maintain relationships. However, their need for expression leads them to use many words, a factor that is more common among low context languages. . Part B Social Habits and Behaviors The urban population in Mexico has become increasingly westernized. This population uses Spanish as well as English when communicating. Most of the people will combine the two languages when speaking. However, they continue to retain elements of their culture, which are not familiar or readily accepted in America. For instance, the idea of closeness is important to them. Mexicans are not as individualistic as Americans are, and they do not have the concept of personal space. It is common to see two men talking together when they are in proximity. Non-Verbal Communications and Factors Identified Non-verbal communication comprises a major part of the communication process, yet many people hardly pay any attention to it. People use non-verbal communication to emphasize a point, show their lack of understanding or agree with the person, and as a means of substituting for words. In some cases, non-verbal communication indicates the power that a person holds. For instance, people in authority will look at their subordinates directly when speaking to them. A subordinate may find it hard to look at his or her employer directly. People communicate in different ways using non-verbal expressions. This happens in the gestures they make, in their body postures, in their proximity towards the person they are communicating with, the expression in their eyes, and in their facial expressions. People are able to gauge the other person’s degree of interest in what they are saying by observing their body posture and facial expression. Some of the gestures are common across many cultures , but others tend to have entirely different meanings. It is essential to understand the meaning of different gestures and other non-verbal communication to avoid miscommunication (West Turner, 2010). Mexicans make use of non-verbal communication such as gestures, eye contact, and facial expression. Cultural Traits regarding use of Gestures, Touching, and Eye Contact Mexicans avoid looking at each other directly when they are communicating. This shows a sign of aggression and confrontation depending on the context. It can also be a sign of flirting, especially if done by a member of the opposite sex. Mexicans will avoid direct eye contact as a sign of respect. Many Americans maintain eye contact when communicating, as a way of showing interest and understanding. Power distance is a crucial factor when communicating. Mexicans tend to have a shorter power distance compared to Americans. They stand closer to each other when communicating. When Americans fail to understand this, they might take it to mean that the Mexicans do not respect their personal space. Touching is widely accepted in Mexico. People use touch as a sign of welcome, whether it is through an embrace or a pat on the back. However, the urban population has become more aware of the differences in other cultures, and it is common to see people in professional settings shake their hands instead of embracing (Centre for Intercultural Learning, 2009). Summary and Recommendation It is essential to understand the various cultural elements and meaning behind non-verbal communications in different cultures. This will help a person avoid embarrassing situations and communicate more effectively. Moreover, it is vital to interpret non-verbal communication in the context of verbal communication to enhance understanding (West Turner, 2010).

ruling ideologies essays

ruling ideologies essays Take-Home Exam November 16, 1999 The ruling ideology dealing with welfare is a negative view among the majority of Americans. It states that welfare recipients are lazy people who have lots of children and collect checks for a long period of time. This statement is believed mostly among higher-class people because they feel that if they can work hard for their money, welfare recipients can do the same, and not live off other peoples money. Charles Murray supports the statement welfare policies encourage poor women to have more children in one of his books, but is proven wrong by careful studies and demographics. It has been studied that welfare has almost no effect on bearing children. These studies show that younger women are more likely to be poor and their poverty makes their children poor. American adults by far are more unequal in wealth and income than any other industrial society as well as the declining incomes of young men since the mid-1970s. Many young men cannot afford to keep their children out of poverty or decide not to the handle the duties or responsibilities of marriage, leaving young mothers and children even poorer, leading them to depend on welfare. According to a New York Times article dated 2/29/92, there are fewer children receiving assistance from welfare and are not just being lazy but and collecting checks, but actually getting off welfare. This ruling ideology that most of the American society supports leads to the lack of wide political support and budget-cutting of means-tested programs. These mean-tested programs are available only to those people who can prove that they are poor. Only Social Security and Medicare, both Universal programs, have largely survived cutbacks in recent years because it is widely accepted throughout the American society. The reason it is accepted in the American society is that everybody contri ...

Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the fuel used by all living things. The conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the actions of the green pigment chlorophyll. Most of the time, the photosynthetic process uses water and releases the oxygen. Cellular respiration allows organisms to use (release) in the chemical bonds of glucose(C6H12O6). The energy in glucose is used to produce ATP. Cells use ATP to supply their energy needs. Cellular respiration is therefore a process in which the energy in glucose is transferred to ATP. In respiration, glucose is transferred to ATP. Oxidized and thus releases energy. Oxygen is reduced to form water. In Photosynthesis, plants use the suns energy as light to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose. In cellular respiration, glucose is ultimately broken down to yield carbon dioxide and water, and the energy from this process is stored as ATP molecules. The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy 6O2 + C6H12O6 and cellular respiration is: 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy The reactants in the photosynthesis process stay on the left, they are 6 molecules of water (H2O) and 6 molecules of carbon dioxide. The products are 6 molecules of Oxygen and glucose. In the cellular respiration the reactants are 6 molecules of Oxygen and glucose, and the products are 6 molecules of water + 6 molecules of carbon dioxide. As we can see the cellular respiration is the opposite equation of the photosynthesis. All life depends on these reactions because we need oxygen, and this oxygen comes from the plants that releases it from photosynthesis. And we all need energy to function. We get this energy from the foods we eat. The most efficient way for cells to harvest energy stored in food is through cellular respiration.

International Finance Transactions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

International Finance Transactions - Essay Example In most cases, most international financial borrowing involves syndicated loan agreements due to the large sums of money involved. In addition, most borrowing is often for financing most international projects. These agreements varies from region to region for instance, syndicated loan agreements carried out in Europe are not similar to those carried out in America. Another aspect of syndicated loan agreements is that they have developed from the traditional way to a more sophisticated method, rendering them fast and more efficient. Syndicated loan participation agreements also offer various advantages to the lending bank as well as to the borrowers. These advantages are in the form of rapid financing of international projects, cost reduction as well as efficiency. In addition, there are three major legal and practical methods of loan transfer in relation to syndicated participation agreements. These methods include assignment, novation and sub-participation. These three major method s present various advantages and disadvantages and occur in various forms. The Assignment involves the transfer of rights or benefits from one party to another. The major transactions involving the assignment are mortgages and deed trusts. ... In this case, the method involves several legal aspects and features as in syndicated loans it is often not possible to obtain approval from all the participants of the contract. The paper will discuss the concepts of syndicated loans agreements and international finance transactions. It will also analyse in depth these loan transfer methods. It will discuss their availability and occurrence as well as their advantages and disadvantages. It will also evaluate their effectiveness and the parties involved in such transactions. International Finance Transactions The integration of the three main financial service areas – that is insurance, security and banking occurred in the 80s due to the liberalization trend of financial supervision and the heating-up competition in finance industry. However, the integration threatens the banking business since the banking industry experiences huge challenges despite owning the main position in financial structure. In addition, there is regula tion of the average rate of interests for commercial banks’ deposits and loans in nearly all the countries. Consequently, there is a reduced margin between banks’ liabilities and assets leading to intense competition among banks. Due to this, the banks can only create more chances for reducing costs, increase profits and upgrade their competence by provision of a bridge hence the securitization trends1. There are many participants in international projects with each participant bringing into the project what other participants are lacking for example technical ability, procurement of supplies, financing ability, human resources, political authority, etc. In addition, due to the complex nature of project

Corporate governance and social responsibility investment Essay

Corporate governance and social responsibility investment - Essay Example It is conceivably foreseeable that crises lead to calls for improved regulation of business actors, such as the debate over the world economic predicament. Nevertheless, such methodical crises are unusual. On the other hand, company failure following a wrongdoing is a more frequent occurrence. For illustration, Maxwell and BCCI in the UK, WorldCom and Enron in the United States and Bayerische Hypo- und Vereinsbank of Germany are examples of corporations that have collapsed as a result of wrongdoing. Such corporate scandals have resulted in the establishment and improvement of company governance codes, which are put in place to monitor corporate conduct generally, and act of corporate directors in specificity (London stock exchange, 2012). The codes are either wholly voluntary such as the financial reporting council of 2008 in the United Kingdom, or a mixture of legal and voluntary elements like the 2008 German code. As thus, they may be taken as apparatus of flexible law or a mixture of soft and inflexible law. Within the code elements, individual rules might be flexible or rigid. Advocates of flexible law of explanation assert that it has fundamental flexibility, which is not present in rigid laws and the aspiration to conform to societal norms yields indisputable observance. Flexible laws are the rules of conduct that have no lawful obligatory force, which may have practical upshots. Though corporations and their directors may opt to conform or not match flexible law, a generally held supposition is that actions are more likely to be consistent with codified regulation and declarations of best practice. Since flexible law is not lawfully obligatory, its execution has to solely rest on the goodwill of those agreeing to and affected by it. Apparently, where such goodwill is not present, flexible law may result in flexible observance. Where benevolence and the aspiration to conform subsist, conformance may not be the most practicable alternative for corporations and their directors. They may set out that the doctrine supporting a specific regulation on bets practice will be best served by non-conforming. In addition, they might be safeguarded from conforming for reasons beyond their control (The European voice of directors, 2012; Australian council of super investors, 2010). The use of prudence to establish conformance or non-conformance may be helpful to both regulators and the regulatees. Comply or explain may assume several forms. Compliance means severe observance to every detail of the rule or to the primary rule, or both. Germany advocates the formation of an audit committee to act as the oversight of the entire audit process in a large company. Non conformance is commonly warranted by the resort to firm-or industry level specifics, or against the judgment of definite code terms. The flexibility of the laws, that is, â€Å"explain† might lead to corporate scandal and eventual collapse. For illustration, the yearly report by th e Hypoereinsbank (Germany) vindicated its non-conformance (explain) with the certain rules necessitating that directors’ and officers’ responsibility insurance has a deductible with the plain statement: â€Å"responsible act is an understood obligations of the members, no deductible is needed for that. In the same

Example of a Speech Outline Essay Example for Free

Example of a Speech Outline Essay Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the decreasing number of whales and the reasons why they are hunted down. Central Idea: Whales are declining in numbers as there are commercial reasons that explain why they are hunted down: their blubber, meat and bones. Introduction I. ‘Whale Wars’. A. Ever heard of it? B. If you haven’t, it is a documentary about a group of very brave and concerned conservationists called ‘The Sea Shepherd’ who literally have wars with a Japanese whaling ship. C. But why do they do it? Why do they put themselves in danger to fight against a gigantic ship equipped with harpoons when all they have are gas grenades? II. Their concern is towards the killing of whales at a large scale by the Japanese ship called ‘Nishin-Maru’. A. The Japanese managed to win votes at the 2006 IWC conference declaring the Moratorium on Commercial Whaling unnecessary and blamed the whales for depleting fish stock. B. Following their win, they have expanded their whaling efforts to kill in the Atlantic, doubling their normal kills. III. From the opportunity that I have gained by watching this documentary and little research that I have done, I was able to see clearly how much damage that we humans have caused. IV. Today, I would like for all of you to say the same once you have seen the numbers of whales that are declining and why they are hunted down. (Transition: I would like to begin with the downfall of these mighty giants) Body I. Whales continue to decline in numbers and there are reasons why they are hunted down. A. The Japanese exploits a loophole in the International Whaling Commission (IWC) 1. Despite the banning whaling, they have killed more than 17,000 whales for their so called ‘scientific research’. a. What were once 220,000 of them, the number of Blue Whales has now been reduced to only 3000 worldwide. b. The common species of Minke Whales being the smallest of all kind were targeted only after the larger species became rare are estimated about 250,000 left worldwide despite Japanese claims of close to a million. B. Whales continue to be killed largely for their blubber, meat and bones to satisfy human desires. 1. This includes whale oil, which is obtained from the blubber used as a cheap illuminate, giving off a strong odour when burnt and was therefore replaced with cheaper, efficient kerosene. a. However, whale oil is still extracted by the Intuits’ of North America as they are granted special whaling rights by IWC. b. Whale oil is also used to make margarine and in cars as an automatic transmission fluid until it was banned by Endangered Species Act. 2. Whale meat is also sold in many 1st class Japanese Restaurants for top dollar as it is said to be exclusive. a. However, research has shown that 75% of Japan’s whale meat goes unsold. b. A newspaper poll found that only 4% of Japanese regularly eat whale meat. 3. The bones of whales are also used to make various types of clothing including women’s corset and other type of items such as umbrellas and fishing rods which are all made from the plates of Baleen Whales. Conclusion I. I sincerely hope that you understand the damage that we humans can and have caused. II. Needless to say, the number of whales are rapidly decreasing and now you know why, shall we not make an effort in saving these creatures? III. That’s all from me, thank you.

Common Sense and Conflict Essay -- Walt Disney Company Michael Eisner

Common Sense and Conflict Michael Eisner is an American entertainment executive, whose leadership in the 1980s and 1990s revitalized the Walt Disney Company. Born in New York City, Eisner was educated at Denison University, where he studied literature and theater. After graduating in 1964, he worked for six weeks as a clerk at NBC and then briefly in the programming department at CBS. His career crystallized at ABC, which he joined as a programming assistant in 1966 and where he spent the next ten years, ultimately becoming senior vice president of prime-time production and development. Eisner's rise through the corporate ranks was paralleled by ABC's leap from third place to first place in the network viewing ratings. In 1976 he was named president and CEO of Paramount Pictures. During his eight-year tenure the motion-picture studio moved from last place to first place among the six major studios. In 1984 Eisner left Paramount to become chairman and chief executive of Walt Disney Productions (renamed the W alt Disney Company in 1986). Eisner admired Walt Disney and was especially interested in children's programming and family entertainment. The company's success included several feature-length animated films in the Disney tradition. Michael Eisner was an optimistic person and he was well known for being a genius in creativity. He has made Disney a company that is built on a strong combination of institutionalized creativeness that constantly produces potent ideas, and also having common sense. One question that we must ask ourselves is how does Michael Eisner have such good leadership. Well as he describes in his interview, he says that being a leader requires 4 main parts: being an example, being there, being a nudge and finally being an idea generator. There are many things that I agree upon in Michael Eisner’s way of having leadership in a company. One thing that I strongly agree on is that he has situated his company in being an â€Å"idea generator†, which to me is so powerful in a company. When setting your company to be an â€Å"idea generator†, you must have a loose environment so people are not afraid to speak their thoughts and ideas. He strongly encourages this type of behavior within his company. From seeing this way of leadership also shows me that the culture at Walt Disney is fun oriented, exciting and loose. Having this type o... ...hat is spread out across the top and not just the very top. Eisner says that he focuses on the 40 people that he interacts with everyday. That is good because it shows to those people that you truly care about them and they feel wanted. The other leaders in the organization focus on other groups of people. Disney’s management teams are always moving around the entire world but they stay focused on what is most important to them. Eisner says that he wishes that he could be there for every signal person in his organization whenever someone needed help. But unfortunately, that can’t happen but that just goes to show you how committed Michael Eisner is and also why he is so powerful as a leader. To me, being a nudge in an organization can be an ok thing, but at the same time it is very disturbing to employees. Eisner feels that being a nudge constantly reminds people of their ideas and what they need to do. That is true but the way he inputs it into the organization can be very frustrating to others. Eisner says that he does not keep many notes, which he should because that way you know at all times what needs to be done today and also what may need to be done in a week.

Anlysing of Tv Commercial

The Selected TV Commercial We have selected a television advertisment of bKash, a Brack bank company, for our given assignment. bKash is a service providing company newly launched in Bangladesh which mission is to provide financial services allowing people of Bangladesh to safely send and receive money via mobile devices that are convenient, affordable and reliable. The TV commercial in details: Here on the add Sokhina is the main actress who is a garments worker and uses bKash regularly to send money home to her family.She narrates how bKash has made her life so much easier, and how it is transforming the lives of everyone around her too. How the other people are being benefitted by bKash according to this advertisement are describing below. Her neighbor Milon is a driver who used to receive his salary in cash. Milon is happy because bKash is a better means to keep his money safe as he does not have a bank account. He does not need to cash out the whole amount at a time. Ronnie is t he son of the Chairman of Sokhina’s village who is a university student and lives on campus away from home.He needs to pay his tuition fee urgently and calls his father to send him the money through bKash. He also assured his father not to be worried to lose the money as only he knows the pin code to make the money cash. Soo it is secure even the cell phone is lost. Again her madam Nina buys some groceries from a nearby superstore and happily pays with bKash at the store. Nina likes paying with bKash as it is simple, convenient and she no longer needs to carry cash. According to the TV commercial at present sending or receiving money using bKash is only possible under Grameen Phone and Robi network throughout the country.WEB link: http://www. bkash. com/video/something-everyone If facing any problem please visit http://www. facebook. com/Zelius. Miraz? fref=ts TARGET MARKET ANLYSIS Consumer markets can be segmented on the following customer characteristics. * Geographic * Dem ographic * Psychographic Geographic Target Market: If we consider about the geographical target market for bKash on the basis of the advertisement then it would be the whole Bangladesh where the network of GP and Robi is available as it talks about sending and receiving money from one end to another.Demographic Target Market: Age: People of ages 18 to 50. On the add we have seen that Ronnie, a university student, needs to use bKash for the payment of his tuition fees again on the other hand Sokhina sends money to her parents through bKash. So all of them are the target market of bkash. Gender: Both male and female. Income: People who earn money and do not both are the target market of bkash as it is providing one type of banking service. Occupation: Service Holder, Driver, Students, Housewife, Farmers, Businessman etc. ccording to the advertisement only. Psychographic Target Market: Social Class: Lower, middle and upper. Attitude and beliefs: Security conscious. Behavioral Target Ma rket: Benefits sought: Sokhina the garment worker describes about the benefits of bKash. User status: Potential and regular. OBJECTIVE OF THE ADVERTISEMENT The main objective of the advertisement is to attract the people of all sectors especially including garments workers, other lower earning people, students and housewives to use the financial service of bKash. CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

Consitutional issue in Brandy V HREOC Essay

The case Brandy V Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission challenges the constitutional validity of the scheme for the enforcement of Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) determination under the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth). The High Court of Australia had decided that since HREOC was not constituted as a court according to Chapter III of the Constitution, and therefore was not able to exercise judicial power of commonwealth and enforce any subsequent decisions. The Constitution is divided into separate chapters dealing separately with the parliament, executive and the Judicature. The â€Å"pure† doctrine of separation of powers prescribes that the functions of the three arms of government be clearly and institutionally separated . It is important to note that Australia does not have a pure separation of power because we inherited the British Westminster tradition. For example, Chapter I legislative parliament and Chapter II executive are seemingly two independent arms of Constitution, but in practice, this distinction between the executive and legislature is blurred, such that the Commonwealth Ministers are simultaneously members of the executive and the legislature, as it is required by s 64 of the Commonwealth Constitution. However, there is a rigid separation of power in Judicature as described by Chapter III of the Constitution, this characteristic is evident in Brandy V HREOC. The decision made by High Court invalidated the enfo rcement mechanism for decisions of HREOC on the grounds that it infringed the doctrine of separation of powers. This is also evident in the Boilermaker’s case3 whereby the High Court argued the relevant legislation was impermissible under the separation of judicial power principle. The High Court determines the Constitutional issue as the judges seeks to define â€Å"judicial power†. Though the nature and scope of federal judicial power was not exhaustively defined, but High Court concluded only those courts under Chapter III of the Constitution can exercise federal judicial power, however HREOC is not a Chapter III court, so it could not exercise judicial power of Commonwealth. More specifically, High Court held that ss 25ZAA, 25ZAB and 25ZAC of the Racial Discriminate Act 1975 (CTH) governing the registration and enforcement of HREOC determinations were invalid  because those provisions had the effect of making HREOC determination binding and conclusive â€Å"as if it was an order made by the Federal Court†4. A judicial order made by the federal Court takes effect as an exercise of Commonwealth Judicial power, but a determination by the HREOC is neither made nor registered in the exercise of judicial power. On this basis, the High Court held t he relevant provisions of the amended Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (CTH) invalid, as it contravenes Chapter III of the Constitution. The High Court’s decision did not address the subject matter of the case, the human rights issue was not even mentioned throughout the reasoning of the judgements. Personally, I believe the decision is technically fair as it is based on the separation of power, but its lack of consideration in human rights issue resulted the victim suffering the consequence of racial abuse without any legal action being acted upon because it could not be enforced by HREOC. So the question remains, can the separation of power really act as safeguard to individual rights or is it merely legal fiction? Apart from resolving the Constitutional issue and finalized the dispute. The decision made by High Court also invalidated the amendments of Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth), which means from the day High Court passed on the final decision, HREOC, and other similar commissions including the Industrial Relations Commission and the Australian Broadcasting Authority could not make any determination and enforce any judicial decisions by registering their determination in the Federal Court5. Ironically, the contemporary notion ‘access to justice’ seems to be ignored as the doctrine of separation of power is highlighted. The amendments was made to create efficiency and accessibility of the administration of justice in human rights, so that the public can claim their human rights without going to the court, which is usually rather costly, overly formal, often intimidating6. As the invalidation of amendments takes place, previous costly and problematic enforcement procedures of the Commission returns, the restatement of the importance of the constitutional doctrine of separation of powers and uncertainty in the protection of human rights also are evident7. It is almost rhetorical what role does HREOC provide to the public in terms of claiming their human rights since the invalidation of  amendments? This question illustrates the tension created between the courts that are vested with judicial power and commissions as a result of High Court’s decision. The inconsistency between Commonwealth legislation and the commission which is appointed under Commonwealth legislation, in which resulted invalidation of the amendments shows the dominance in which the High Court has over the other branches of the government. As stated explicitly in s 109 of the Constitution: â€Å"when a law of a state is inconsistent with a law of the Commonwealth, the latter shall prevail, and the former shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, be invalid†8. The concept of parliamentary supremacy and sovereignty is significant in the decision of High Court. It is mentioned briefly above that Australia inherited the Westminster tradition from United Kingdom, as under British Constitutional law, the Parliament has absolute sovereignty and therefore has the power to make or unmake any law. Though this idea of absolute power is less obvious in Australia as we have doctrine of separation of power, but the Brandy case surely highlighted the fact that separation of power in Australian Constitution is not clear and the parliamentary supremacy has the absolute power over other branches of government. Therefore, the High Court relied upon arguments of separation of judicial power in arriving at conclusion, rather than articulating principles relating to those individual rights as justifying those decisions. The decision made by the High Court concerns with constitutional validity rather than the issue of racial discrimination, thus it is fair to say the decision is legally justified but it did not morally justified. This can be explained by the rigid characteristics of western law as discussed by Patrick Parkinson, namely autonomy of law, which is conceptually distinct from custom, morality, religion or politics . This concept is reflected in the Brandy case that High Court adopted legal formalism (an interpretation of legal texts focussing closely on the words, a rule based approach with little or no regard to social, political consideration ) and procedural approach rather than legal instrumentalism (a view that creativity in the  interpretation of legal texts is justified in order to assure that the law serves good public policy and social interests ) and substantive approach. The High Court seeks to achieve justice by consistently applying rules and procedures that shape a fair, consistent and predictable legal system and constrains government arbitrariness. It does not concern whether the end result will be substantive, as such it satisfies ethical, emotional or political factors. This notion of justice is more concerned with process and procedure than the result. As Selznick says, â€Å"legality has to do mainly with how policies and rules are made and applied rather than with their contents â€Å". As a result, High Court held that the enforcement of determinations administered by HREOC was invalid based on the technical ground of separation of judicial power, but ignoring the moral issues concerned in the case as they do not promote fairness and consistency. However, the High Court is now shifting to a system where it seeks to balance out the strict legal framework and social interests. In the context of human rights, this shift is reflected in Australian Capital Television V commonwealth13 and Nationwide News Pty Ltd V Wills14, where the High Court implied issues of human rights in contrast with Brandy V HREOC. In conclusion, in the case of Brandy V HREOC, from a constitutional law perspective, the decision made by the High Court consolidated the separation of power and the exercise of judicial power. However, it is obvious that the rigid characteristics of traditional western law have contributed towards the inefficiencies to the guarantees of human rights issue. Bibliography: Dicey, A. V. Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1982 Dr Imtiaz Omar, Individual Rights and Judicial Power: the underlying equation (1995) Australasian Law Teachers Associations Catriona Cook et al, Laying Down the law (6th edition, 2002) LLB100 Supplementary Reading, University of Wollongong Imtiaz Omar, â€Å"Darkness On the Edge of Town: The High Court And Human Rights in the Brandy case† (1995) 2 Australia Journal of Human Rights Patrick Gunnings, â€Å"Chapter III courts: Evolution of Australia’s Federal Judiciary† (1995) 6 Public Law Review Alison Gooly, ‘modern framework after Brandy’, (University of Wollongong, 1997) http://www.hreoc.gov.au/racial_discrimination/guide_law/landmark.html

The Linux Operating System essays

The Linux Operating System essays The Linux Operating System Linux is a multi-user, multi-tasking, 32-bit operating system based off of the UNIX operating system developed in the 1960s. One of the main characteristics that sets it apart from other operating systems such as Windows is that it is open source, meaning that the source code comes with it and the user is able to modify, sell or redistribute it freely.But a company or an organization did not write Linux, it was written by a college student named Linus Travolds. With the help of many programmers, often called hackers, Linux has surprised many people by being a stable, high quality system that has little central control. The kernel is the heart of an operating system, and when most people refer to Linux, they are talking about the kernel and not the whole system. On a Linux system, the user is more in touch with the kernel, mainly because he/she can do whatever they want to it legally. Also, people around the world are always updating the kernel, but Travolds has the final word into what goes into each release.Linux is one of the few operating systems that has a particular kernel version number scheme. For example, a stable kernels version can be 2.4.25. Even numbered kernels, such as 2.2.7, are stable, while odd numbered, such as 2.5.14, are pre-releases. The 2 is for the major release, the 4 is for the minor release leading up to the major, and the 25 is for the even smaller change leading up to the minor release. After that, there are prepatches (acknowledged with an rc after the version number) that are alpha releases. If any new development is good enough, the kernel can skip numbers, so a ker nel can go from 2.2.3 to 5.0 in a few months, but it has not happened yet. As of this writing, the latest stable kernel is 2.6.3 and the latest prepatch is 2.6.4-rc2 , and contains over twenty million lines of code. The kernel controls hardware support, process managem...

Business Ethics Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business Ethics - Article Example Cremer and Bettignies contend that the reality and misconceptions about business ethics is frequently not â€Å"pragmatic,† as business are usually unclear about the particulars of their operations (De Cremer & de Bettignies, 2013). At the same time, the article explores the effects of this ambiguity in business practices. Businesspersons are motivated by indirect expectations and norms that can direct them towards violating ethical conduct (De Cremer & de Bettignies, 2013). The fact that this motivation makes up ordinary business today compels Cremer and Bettignies to accept a degree of ethical disconnection. Research proves that some level of overall tolerance that businesspersons will behave according to indirect presumptions of competition and greed. Business is a difficult game, and violation of ethics do occur, which make up the entire time. The pragmatism of business ethics revolves around two prevalent observations. First, it is acceptable to stretch business limits but not violate legal boundaries. Second, morals entail â€Å"grey zones,† which makes it difficult for businesses to assume responsibility (De Cremer & de Bettignies, 2013). Businesses consult current laws and regulations to learn that is unacceptable legally. This approach is beneficial in the sense that a business can practice what the law does not spell out as unacceptable. This outlook of stretching legal limits successfully blurs businesses ethical limits and raises the opportunities that organizations ultimately cross legal boundaries. In the process, an entirely new reality is formed centered on missing data (De Cremer & de Bettignies, 2013). This gap successfully lies to organizational stockholders about the business’ true practices. Impractical business practices persist even when businesspersons know stretching the legal limit creates ambiguity in business ethics. More opportunities to lie to shareholders, consumers, the government, and the community correspondingly

Pricing Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pricing Strategy - Research Paper Example For instance, market strategy development, which entails market analysis, segmentation, positioning and targeting. Two, making market mix choices entails brand definition, distribution of the brands and brand promotion tactics. Three, demand carve estimation, which entails understanding how quantity required differs from the price. Four, pricing strategy can be determined by calculating the cost, which entails including the variable and fixed costs related with the goods, (Takano, Ishii & Muraki, 2041). The goods cost of a unit is set at a reduced coat that a company might charge and this indicates the margin profit at increased costs. Five, setting objectives of pricing such as maximization of profit, maximization of revenue or stabilization of prices is another way. These pricing strategy steps are interconnected and serve as starting point in pricing strategy creation. Product pricing should consider the legal and competitive condition that the business operates. In competitive pe rspective, the firm should consider its pricing impacts on the competitor’s decisions of pricing; for instance, setting low prices may threaten the price competition, which may not be in favor of any party, while setting high prices encourage increased competitor numbers who have interests in profit sharing. From a legal perspective, a company has no freedom to price its brands at its chose level, for instance, there are price limitations that restrict high product pricing too, (Taylor, & Prestoungrange, 2009). Similarly, low pricing may be seen as predatory or dumping pricing in international trade cases. Proving different prices of diverse clients may infringe laws against discrimination pricing and collusion with rivals to set prices at a consensual degree is illegal in various nations. What drives pricing strategy? Pricing choices affects the product demand in the market, the competitors pricing strategy, the company profitability and the purchasing decision of the custom er like brand product. Determining products pricing may be difficult but yet very crucial for business. Whereas there is no standard way of pricing strategy determination there are various factors that drive ones decision to pricing strategy, MCB University Press, 2003). For instance, the cost, all the hidden costs of the products such as invoice, insurance and taxes drives the pricing strategy because the cost of production must be lower than the selling cost. Second, profit – for instance, the pricing strategy is driven by the amount of money the firm intents to make from above the production cost. The cost factor is another drive, for instance, to make a profit, a company must charge high prices on the products to offset their production cost and marketing costs of the products. The average unit cost must consider both fixed costs such as rent and variable costs such as raw materials cost that changes with production volume. Thirdly, market demand is another driver because demand is the indicator of how clients will purchase a good or a service at certain cost. While the reduced costs attract more customers, the price effect over a prolonged period depends on elasticity. The buyers’ sensitivity on a certain products increases its price. If a company’s products are in higher demand, the company charges higher prices