Effects of poverty - 1534 Words

The Effects Of Poverty , WRIT 300 October 15, 2012 Poverty is an enigma that seems to plague each corner of the United States. No matter how rich how stabilize or how strong our country may claim it is poverty lurks in shadow of all places on this earth and in it’s silhouette the opprobrious effects. The three scholarly articles I summarized connect the dots on how poverty impacts the United States economically; and socially. The first articles I summarized Haiyun Zhao, Zhilan Feng, Carlos Castillo-havez, (2008) conducted an study that examines the effects that poverty has on our society economically, and the effects it has on children growing up in poor areas. Zhao, Feng, Havez, (2008) starts out by shedding light on†¦show more content†¦For this reason, they combine this finding with the others such as foregone earnings, crime, and health which concluded that people living in poverty cost America an astonishing 38 percent of the GDP. Zhao, Feng, Havez, (2008) ends their research by stating that the estimations of po verties effects and cost are understated and most likely are more severe and costly. This article brought up important points and backed them up with facts; however I do think they could have done a better job on breaking down the cost structure, for the 700 billion figure given. The work done by Zhao, Feng, Havez (2008) detailed some of the effects of poverty. However, there should have been more emphasis on the social impacts of poverty. This is where Mulia and Zemore (2012) excel at. Mulia and Zemore (2012) reviewed and discussed social adversity; drugs and how it impacts people living in poor areas. Mulia and Zemore (2012) talks about how people living in low income areas are affected by more situations, oppose to others in high income areas. In particular, Mulia and Zemore (2012) lean towards the theory of social strain, which points to poverty being the reason for drug abuse among other crimes. Comparing Mulia and Zemore (2012) work to Zhao, Feng, Havez, (2008) the article pic ks up the improves where the previous lacked at by providing a theory that supports their study, of overall affectsShow MoreRelatedPoverty And Its Effects On Poverty1554 Words   |  7 Pages Poverty is a remarkably persistent problematic social challenge within the United States that has far-reaching implications. The magnitude and perplexity of poverty and its instigates are a massive predicament of both ethical and economic concern that has many proportions, which demands the country’s immediate attention. Poverty is an idiom that is generally used to describe a condition or state in which a person or society lacks the monetary resources and necessities to enjoy a minimum basic qualityRead MorePoverty And Its Effect On Poverty1551 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty is an inarguable inevitability that varies in definition and severity from country to country. Poverty can be caused by many factors- economic instability, lack of education, a natural disaster, or overpopulation. These factors become a normal situation and then a culture of poverty forms and is passed down from generation to generation making it nearly impossible for the cycle to end. A culture of poverty is especially evident in India. It is estimated that twenty one percent of the IndianRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Poverty Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesPoverty cannot be defined as being affected by a few set examples, rather it is the result of an infinite number of factors. Human behavior, which is highly unpredictab le, dictates what a person’s economic status will be. â€Å"Although the causes of poverty are varied, Americans strongly endorse individual responsibility as a primary cause† (Mistry et al. 704). However, it is not always their own decisions that will predict their outcome. Opportunity remains just as large of a decider as does dedicationRead MorePoverty : The Cause And Effects Of Poverty1326 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is â€Å"the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; condition of being poor† (Dictionary.com, 2017). Based off this definition poverty is a condition that can cause a cascade of cause and effect actions that is detrimental to families and individuals both physically and mentally. Haan, Kaplan, Camacho (2017) completed a study on the correlation between social and economic status and health in adults in Oakland, CA. They found that the lower the socioeconomicRead MorePoverty And The Effects Of Poverty18 04 Words   |  8 Pageslivelihood of those supressed by poverty. By definition, such poverty is detrimental to human rights outlined in the Catholic Social Teachings (CSTs), and consequently, the Church has sought immediate aid for these people. Due to the cyclical nature of poverty, actions of justice are also being encouraged to sustain its reversal. Ideologies of benefactor supremacy aim to be inhibited through humility and the implementation of citizen-led strategies to eradicate poverty. However, the human nature presentsRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Poverty1826 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Each day, 963 million people go hungry† (Finley). People from all aspects of life are affected by poverty. The richest and the poorest countries have all stared the beast of poverty directly in the face. The poor are not only deprived of things like food, water, housing, and education that make up the typical guidelines of life, but they are deprived of luxuries. As we see the world around us evolve in it’s ways of architecture, transportation, and fashion, we also see that the poor are not welcomeRead MoreEffect Of Poverty On The Poverty Of India1948 Words   |  8 Pageswould astound both themselves and the world. The effects of poverty can be felt at every level of society — from the individual living in the poverty stricken environment to the political leader attempting to provide specific solutions. According to statistics, India has seen significant falls in poverty since the 1980s, rates that accelerated into the 1990s. This has been strongly related to India’s impressive growth record over this period. Poverty reduction in India has been tried before and hasRead MoreGlobal Poverty And Its Effects On Poverty Essay2151 Words   |  9 Pagesreduce and more effectively measure poverty has been Mayor Michael Bloomberg’s Center for Economic Opportunity (CEO) in New York City. This paper will explain how CEO was and still is so successful in combatting poverty and will argue that its tactics should be implemented in cities across the nation. Poverty is one of the most important issues that the modern world has attempted to confront. For the most part it has been a huge success. Extreme global poverty has been cut in half in the past 20Read MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1553 Words   |  7 PagesHow Poverty Effects Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educationalRead MoreThe Effects Of Poverty On Families, And The Causes Of Poverty Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pagesnational measurable line of poverty. Causes of poverty stem from a wide range of factors including, geographical location, education levels, and generational poverty. The effects of poverty can be detrimental to an individual’s psychological and physical health. In the following paper, we will examine the prevalence, impact, and causes related to families that live in poverty. â€Æ' The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of poverty in families, the effect poverty has on families, and the

Economical Factor Free Essays

The reason for this is because chicken and park are a healthier option and they are low in fat products. Many large supermarket brand their own company names on different produces which have similar nutritional values. Access to shops is another economical factor, foods will be easy to consume it all depends on the way which the person is able to access shops. We will write a custom essay sample on Economical Factor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many supermarkets provide the best value for money due to the competitive prices. Most of the supermarkets can be accessed by traveling in public transport. Also there are other ways which people can shop for example internet shopping has helped widely for many people to access foods but not many have the access to internet. Food supply is available to us in markets and some of the produces travel around the world in order to reach the supermarkets. This suggests that most fruit and vegetables are available for us any time of the year which has helped in developing menus. Due to this it has been a large affect on the foods which are being supplied for example food products like fish are easier to be supplied and bought by people. Socio-cultural issues : Diet can be influenced hugely by family. Our eating habits can be guided by our careers and they are the ones hen we are younger make choices such as what we should eat and what we should not eat. We can learn about various things such as healthy eating,religious rules or indirectly through the foods which we consume. Some people due to their religion they may fast or they might have beliefs that they are not allowed to eat certain animals because they believe that these animals are unclean, because children are bought up like this they are socialized into the values of their culture. Also eating meals together as a family could be important in some cultures. ISO some religions have religious occasions involve food as a ritual. Education- The amount of money which is sent on education population about healthy eating and food hygiene and things which influence the foods we eat are high. Public health is important. Environmental health is viewed by the could they make sure that they are monitoring anyone who is preparing food for the public to consume and they also ensure that the food is prepared in a hygienic way which the customers are able to buy it-elf there is unsafe food hygiene is identified then there will be notice which will be issued and the organization can be temporarily IR permanently closed down-The inspections are carried out with and with out the organization knowing . Also they are awarded with stars which are between O and 5 stars. Health Education has been promoted and campaigns has gone to show improvement in public awareness of healthy eating. For example the Five-a- day campaign began in 2003, this was when a huge amount of money was awarded by the big lottery in order to improve the consumption of fruits and vegetables in primary care trusts. There are many other campaigns such as Change 4 Life. Food hygiene is another important factor which will benefit health. Even if the product is fresh or high in quality if the food hygiene is not good then the product would cause effects such as people getting ill or even killing them. Food labels are on many food products they allow the buyer to make choices about what food they are eating. If someone is choosing a healthier option then they will be able to read the label and see if there are high and low of certain nutrients which they might need. Many foods are found in the supermarket they are often marketed as they has health benefits. There are certain rules which are the manufactures cannot call foods as they are reduced calorie, the food has to be in the standard version in Order to be called as lower in calorie-However there are no legal definitions for the term low-fat, but produces cannot call foods which are high in fat as low in fat. Also if a food label has a ingredient displayed on the ingredient section then they must have it. There will be different roles for different health professionals. Dieticians has to work with patients who will need special diet and they try to make sure that the individual to eat certain foods within restriction due to their medical condition while they are trying to maintain a healthy balanced diet. Public health nutritionists does not work with individuals but they advise the government about healthy eating. Their advice can form the basis of public campaigns-Doctors are the in a ideal position which they are able to discuss paints diets during consultations-Many of the times people might go to the doctors more often-elf money is not in the correct weight and also if they are developing health issues such as high blood pressure. So therefore the doctor can advise to avoid certain foods such as saturated fat or high-salt foods. The doctor can also be referred to dietician if it is necessary. Nurses can also understand both healthy diets and also special diets. They also can suggest what foods to eat and what to avoid for a range of medical conditions-Also nurses also help with tube feeding and they can ensure that those who unable to eat independently receive correct amount of food and drink. Careers who work in both residential and community settings should be able to understand a healthy eating and special dietary requirements. Due to the lack of knowledge some cares have poor understanding in how to improve their ability to advise individuals on good diet. Sports nutritionist will work mainly with athlete to help them with their diet and to maximize their strength and fitness to make them to perform at their best ability. Also the nutritionist can prepare a diet plan that will have various nutrients and training which they will need to participate. Health and fitness instructors work at gyms and leisure centers and they also include personal training to maintain people’s fitness levels but they are not athletes. They also have a good understanding of different diets and healthy eating as this is a part of their training. Social Policy – There are different ways which their are improvements to the diets of the population through social policy. There are different approaches to health education, and it also involves creating a lot of opportunities which will help people to choose healthy options for their diet. For example there were policies such as Nutritional Standards for School Lunches were agreed by the school Meals Review Panel and implemented in 2006. The standards require that: High- Quality meat,poultry or oily fish are regularly available , at least two portions of fruit and vegetables should be available with every meal, bread other cereals and potatoes are regularly available , deep- fried food is limited to no more than two portions per week, fizzy and other confectioneries are removed from school meals and wending machines , children and young people must have easy access at all times to free fresh ranking water in schools. How to cite Economical Factor, Papers

White Collar Crime free essay sample

The definition of white collar and white collar crime * Various types of white collar crime B. Thesis statement: There are 3 causes of white collar and 5 way to combat with white collar crime. II. The cause of white collar crime is opportunities to commit crime. A. The loophole of the law and security B. An individual well known the operation of a company, the chances to commit fraud is higher. III. Second causes of white collar crime are workers situational personal pressures. A. Direct pressures surrounded by their environment. B. Leader gives a command to achieve impractical performance objectives at any cost. IV. Third causes of white collar crime are issues of pertaining to honesty. A. Moral principles B. Obtain a universal meaning of integrity V. First way to fight with white collar crime is tighten laws and punishment. A. Money penalty or fine B. Imprisonment 1. Explain why imprisonment is useful. VI. Second way is enforcement by government. A. Commercial Crime Investigate Department (CCID) specialized investigate white collar crime. B. The Securities Commission Working Outline VII. Third way to prevent happen white collar crime is set up a corporate program. A. Bank Negara Malaysia increases the safety of check. B. Forensic Technology Services (FTS) to decrease and avoid computer crime or e-fraud. VIII. The 4th ways is build positive moral principles in white collar criminal mind. A. High education and it gives them the authority to do something that is not right. IX. Other minor way to prevent and reduce the white collar crime. A. Maintaining accurate and complete internal accounting and financial records. Developing strong leadership and cohesive work groups C. They are supposed to monitor their business and keep in touch the relationship who involve in financial units D. They can set up a physical system to protect their assets E. Not relying solely on one person to perform an important function or critical task. F. Company make sure white collar’s job and plan are under control. G. Manager should carry on a file that contain private background and up to date economic standards of white collars X. Conclusion: This research paper had said opportunities to commit crime, workers situational personal pressures, and issues of pertaining to honesty are the three reasons to commit white collar crime. Furthermore, tighten the law and punishment, enforcement by government, set up a corporate program, build positive moral principles in white collar criminal mind, and others minor ways to prevent and reduce white collar crime are the five methods to fight with white collar crime. The Causes and Ways to Combat White Collar Crime In Malaysia Some people might do not know what â€Å"white collar† is. According to Farlex (n. d. ), definition of white collar is an expert employee who gets a designating salaried. On the other hand, another definition is related to the office or experts workers whose works usually do not include physical energy or tiring of a uniform or standardized work dress (White-collar, n. d. ). According to Sutherland (1949), â€Å"White collar crime may be defined approximately as crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his or her occupation†( as cited in Lim, n. d. ). Fraud, bribery, insider trading, embezzlement, computer crime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identify theft, and forgery are a part of type of white collar crime that most people knows. Nowadays people can read news reported about white collar crime. White collar crime will cost a lot of money in every country if government do not concern about it. Therefore, government should take action to white collar crime before the problem become more serious. Why employee will commit white collar crime? How people to combat white collar crime? Here have three causes mention and explain clearly why employee will take risk to commit white collar crime such as opportunities to commit crime, workers situational personal pressures, and issues of pertaining to honesty whereas there also have five ways to combat white collar crime such as tighten the law and punishment, enforcement by government, set up a corporate program, build positive moral principles in white collar criminal mind, and others minor ways to prevent and reduce white collar crime will give in details in the following. First of all, the cause of white collar crime is opportunities to commit crime. Hirschi and Gottfredson (1987) explained white collar crime unlike other common crime, the reason they contravention of the law is not similar with normal crime†. In addition, there are different response from official between white collar crime and normal crime (Hirschi amp; Gottfredson, 1987). It is not clear between both terms itself, however, normally both terms have a correlation with it, and actually normally crime is less serious or less unsafe or less harmful to public value or social compare with white collar crime (Sutherland, 1983; Will, 1987 as cited in Hirschi amp; Gottfredson, 1987, p. 15). As the result, the loopholes of the law will benefit to employee when they take this as an opportunities to commit white collar crime. According to Dr. Yusof Nook (1993) and Joseph Eby Ruin (1996), when a employee well known the process of a company, a certain level of trust, especially the employee become the only one who know the system, there a big opportunities to let them commit white collar crime for instance, money laundering or computer crime. Second causes of white collar crime are workers situational personal pressures. When workers situational personal happened? It occur when they having direct pressures surrounded by their environment. The highest frequency is they having high personal debts and financial losses. Apart from that, leader gives a command to achieve impractical performance objectives at any cost also consider one of the factors of situational personal pressures. These will encourage them to commit fraud to their company (Nook, 1993; Ruin 1996). Third causes of white collar crime are issues of pertaining to honesty. According to Dr Yusof Nook (1993) and Joseph Eby Ruin (1996), individual honesty factors refer to every individual’s personal rules of moral principles†( as cited in Lim, n. . ). This factor appears looks like to be clear-cut determination of a people’s integrity, but this problem in reality is more multipart than what we had thought about it. Thus, people should obtain a universal meaning of integrity and untruthful conduct, and identify which ethics to accept when developing a universal characteristic of integrity. The most significant is before internalizing a typical of integrity and being nature rewarded for integrity behavior, people requirements to be always toughened for integrity conduct (Nook, 1993; Ruin, 1996 as cited in Lim, n. . ). ). White collar crimes are become more and more serious recent times. People must concern and think how to fighting with white collar crimes before it out of control. The first and most common way to fight with white collar crime is tighten laws and punishment. According to Ball and Friedman (1997), money penalty or fine and other forms of non-criminal sanctions are classified as â€Å"civil† or regulator y sanctions†( as cited in Lim, n. d. ). Nonetheless, they also said only straightforward imprisonment is usually considered as criminal sanctions. Government who like to use imprisonment as a sanction said that the impact of white collar crimes is very serious so they need more cruel punishments to criminals. Besides that, most of the white collars criminal basically are very success in their life on morality. Thus, imprisonment is a very useful way restriction to white collar criminal. The reason they will feel shame is because they will feel shame of it when other people know they had the experience of imprisonment (Ball amp; Friedman, 1997 as cited in Lim, n. d. ). According to white collar criminal testimony, even only six month imprisonment punishment was most terrible by white collar criminal (Braithwaite, 1984; Clinard, 1952 as cited in Lim, n. d. ). On 17 September 1993, the Parliament had modified the punishments to white collar criminal in Malaysia. A mandatory least term of imprisonment (one year) with mandatory whipping, and the court have the right to plus fine to the same criminal when the white collar criminal that violate of trust below law section 406 to 409 and cheating below section 420 of the Penal Code (Lim, n. . ). Next way to reduce white collar crime is enforcement by government. In Malaysia, government had a main organization, which is Commercial Crime Investigate Department (CCID) specialized investigate white collar crime. CCID help The Royal Malaysia Police to investigate white collar crime cases. Nowadays white collar crime cases had become more complicated, it makes CCID hard to investigate. Hence, extra manpower and equipments, and Forensic Computer Laboratory (established in 1 January 2005); it helps CCID faster and easier when investigating white collar crime. The changes in enforcement makes police very successful reduce the white collar crime. What’s more, police also deletion millions of ringgit from white collar crime. As the result, enforcement successful prevents the loss of millions ringgit and reduces the white collar crime. The Securities Commission from the time 1993 year was prosecuted 110 people on corporate fraud cases such as provides deceptive information to insider trading and fraud (Lim, n. d. ). Inspector-General of Police Tan Sri Ismail Omar mention that police will cooperation with banks or trade associations to overcome cheating cases. Apart from that, he also stated police will come with a better way to reduce the white collar crime (as cited in The Star Online, 2010). DCP Mohd Shukri, who is the 18th police leader in Perak, stated that he can protect people and can reduce the white collar crime in 2011 (as cited in The Star Online, 2010). Third way to prevent happen white collar crime is set up a corporate program. Bank, financial institutions, and companies are the location that always happen white collar crime because there are a lot professionals. The probability to happen white collar crime is higher. Therefore, three of these places should take action to prevent white collar crime. Bank Negara Malaysia has given an instruction to every commercial bank to improve the safety characteristics of check to prevent white collar criminal used fake check instead of the real check. The paper is sensitive to chemical substances; normal ink pen and ultra-violet ink pen will dissolves when mix with water is the characteristics of the check. â€Å"Account Payee Only† show on the check the purpose is to prevent the third person taking out the money from the account. Using electronic payment instead of using check is a good method to reduce white collar crime. Besides that, Bank and credit cards users should always check the procedure to prevent credit card fraud (Lim, n. d. ). KPMG Malaysia has established a new department, Forensic Technology Services (FTS) to decrease and avoid computer crime or e-fraud. In the past three years, â€Å"KPMG analysts use the latest techniques, including data extraction, data storage, data mining and visualization, password cracking and de-encryption, to provide a cost-efficient resolution to data investigation† (New Straits Times, 2005 as cited in Lim, n. . ). Therefore, FTS can from an empty monitor into a picture of criminating support. In addition, way to reduce white collar crime is build positive moral principles in white collar criminal mind. People who work at managerial and administrative levels are tending to be more involved in this crime. The reason is because they have the high education and i t gives them the authority to do something that is not right. High level leaders should be the model of moral principles and honesty to overcome this trouble. An agreement of business moral values is not only to read, to sign, but also to follow by managers and employees (Lim, n. d. ). Last of all, there also have other minor way to prevent and reduce the white collar crime. The company should always double check the maintaining exact and entire interior accounting and monetary records. Therefore, white collar criminals are harder to commit fraud. On the other hand, corporation should build a strong headship and work groups. They are supposed to monitor their business and keep in touch the relationship who inv lve in financial units, for instance, debtors, creditors, vendors, and buyers. They can set up a physical system to protect their assets, which no trouble in replaceable or exchangeable standards in the market such as goods and money. There is a huge opportunities to happen white collar crime when the company is only rely on a single person to achieve an significant project or task. Therefore, company gives a task or project in a gro up will be more secure. To avoid the fraud attempts, company make sure white collar’s job and plan are under control. Moreover, manager should carry on a file that contain private background and up to date economic standards of white collars. On the top of the examination and deception detection, if white collar had broken the rules during the examination, the person who takes function in examination can identify deception. Although deception detection is not the major cause, but if view it in the long period, a suitable reaction by the society may construct an expert trustworthiness. It also helps out company to avoid risky and prevent the huge losses (Lim, n. . ). All in all, this research paper had said opportunities to commit crime, workers situational personal pressures, and issues of pertaining to honesty are the three reasons to commit white collar crime. Furthermore, tighten the law and punishment, enforcement by government, set up a corporate program, build positive moral principles in white collar criminal mind, and others minor ways to prevent and reduce white collar crime are the five me thods to fight with white collar crime. Government must pay a lot of attention in white collar crime. This is because white collar usually had the higher education compare to other person. They may use high techniques to hide when they decide to commit white collar crime. Thats why government must take action before it become more serious. Additionally, once government had given new methods to arrest and reduce white collar crime, nation also must follow instruction given by government and cooperated with government. There is no way to eliminate white collar crime if nation do not want to cooperate with government.